A new edition of this established text has been expanded and updated, treating this important field in a holistic manner. The structure of the previous book has been retained, but enhanced with new text and illustrations, and more numerical problems with a wider scope. Readers will find much on the background to the industry and details of such centrally important operations as refining, heat exchange, cracking, polymerisation and hydrogenation. There is a chapter on offshore matters, which includes some incidents that occurred since the first edition. National and international standards are considered as these relate to such things as site layout. The coverage of the fire and explosion behaviour of hydrocarbons has been extended, in particular in relation to flash points. The topic of leaked gas detection has been introduced, and there is considerable extension of the coverage of static electricity hazards. There is more on liquefied natural gas (LNG), including details of processes for its regasification. Natural gas condensate features, having grown considerably in importance since the first edition.Re-refining of crude oil products that have previously been used as lubricants or as hydraulic fluids has also experienced growth, and this too has its place in the book from the perspective of safety. Tight gas and coal bed methane feature, as does the controversial matter of hydraulic fracture to obtain them. The chemical processing chapter has been extended to include hydrocracking, hydrodesulphurisation and hydrodenitrogenation. The COMAH (Control of Major Accident Hazards) regulations are covered and sign conventions for hazards are explained with illustrations.

This dictionary provides a synthesis of information currently available but only in a diverse array of sources. Through judicious choice and careful scrutiny, the author has gathered together a very handy ready-reference in the same style as his companion volumes, Dictionary of Energy and Fuels and Dictionary of Fire Protection Engineering. Although the material covered is diverse, particular entries are focused and linked with each other so as to provide a good degree of comprehensiveness. For example, there is much information on well engineering including example calculations, and this is linked to wells at particular oil fields. There is also much on offshore production and again principles are linked, often by calculation, with particular offshore production platforms. The North Sea features, but not exclusively, and the vast bulk of the information presented is relevant to all locations. Commercial products, including those for oil well maintenance, are featured and information on the web from suppliers is expanded by drawing on the physics and chemistry of how such products work.

This comprehensive new dictionary comprises over 1300 definitions and brief articles to provide an extremely useful ready-reference work on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, including information on the scenes of production of many fuels, such as major coal reserves and large oil and gas fields. Economics are addressed with entries included for all the major indices for oil, coal and natural gas pricing. The political perspective is also dealt with, covering the oil-producing countries and OPEC; environmental issues also feature, as do entries on chemical compounds, trade names, industrial processes and much more. The book carefully traces fuel usage since industrialisation with information provided on some 19th century events such as the Drake well. However, there is a correct balance of entries in terms of the periods to which they relate and thoroughly modern topics such as enhanced oil recovery are featured. Users of the Dictionary will gain an appreciation of the development of fuel and energy technology and sense the continuity or, in some cases, revival of ideas. As an example, what is now known as 'BTU conversion' and often treated as if it were novel is, in fact, a return to gasification technologies that were used a century or more ago! "The Dictionary of Energy and Fuels" is a reliable reference work on fuel and energy which will remain of great usefulness despite any future changes and trends in related technologies. This easy-to-use dictionary will be of great value to undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals in fuel technology, industrial chemistry, chemical and mechanical engineering and whenever a ready-reference on energy and fuels is required.

In "James K. Humphrey and the Sabbath-Day Adventists," R. Clifford Jones tells the story of this important black religious figure and his attempt to bring about self-determination for twentieth-century blacks in New York City.

Humphrey was a Baptist minister who joined the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church shortly after arriving in New York City from Jamaica at the turn of the twentieth century. A leader of uncommon competency and charisma, Humphrey functioned as an SDA minister in Harlem during the time the community became the black capital of the United States. Though he led his congregation to a position of prominence within the SDA denomination, Humphrey came to believe the black experience in Adventism was one of disenfranchisement. When he refused to alter his plans for a utopian community for blacks in the face of dissent from SDA church leaders, Humphrey's ministerial credentials were revoked and his congregation dissolved. Subsequently, Humphrey established an independent black religious organization, the United Sabbath-Day Adventists.

This book rescues the Sabbath-Day Adventists from obscurity. Humphrey's break with the Seventh-day Adventists provides clues to the state of black-white relationships in the denomination at the time. It set the stage for the creation of the separate administrative structure for blacks established by the SDA church in 1945. This history of a minister and his church demonstrates the struggles of small, independent, black congregations in the urban community during the twentieth century.

R. Clifford Jones is an associate professor at Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Michigan. He is the editor of "Preaching with Power" and has authored scholarly articles on the emergence of the Sabbath-Day Adventists.

Lignites are a fuel resource upon which there has been heavy reliance for a long time in several parts of the world. Indeed, lignite (also known as low-rank coal, brown coal or braunkohle), has been used for electricity generation in some regions for a century or more. These coals can, after a mild drying process, be used directly as a fuel and this remains the dominant form of usage. The coals can however be beneficiated in a number of ways including moulding into briquettes for export. Other new technologies applied to brown coals include slurrying and solar drying to make a hard product also suitable for export. Very importantly, over a period of 70+ years there has been hydrogenation of such coals to make liquid fuels. This volume covers all aspects of the subject from the nature of lignites in situ to detailed coverage of fuel usage including figures for electricity generation and carbon dioxide release. Processing technologies including briquetting and carbonisation are described as are gasification, to make a fuel gas or a synthesis gas, and their conversion to liquid fuels.The book provides an international review, setting in context the use of lignite in various regions of the world. Where appropriate the book includes information about industrial plant and processes and uses information from key research and development. It also considers the important issue of carbon dioxide emissions which in the past has sometimes worked against lignite utilisation. This issue is covered with some emphasis and also deals with carbon capture and sequestration from power plants. Co-firing of lignites with biomass is also considered. This is the only recent comprehensive volume on the subject, bringing together for the first time a full account of this important fuel.

This groundbreaking book contains a broad yet detailed coverage of the major aspects of fire engineering. As would be expected, such matters as fire extinguishers, flame-retardants and fire-fighting feature centrally, with descriptions, from the functional point of view, of fire appliances from selected manufacturers around the world. There is coverage of selected accidental fires, both recent ones and those which have been on record for many years as being amongst the most serious in terms of loss of life. Social and political aspects of fire engineering also feature in the book, for example in accounts of fires in countries where buildings are sub-standard in safety terms and fire services are unreliable. Fire safety products are an integral part of the subject and improvements in fire safety have to a considerable degree been due to development work by manufacturers and trade names therefore feature in the book where applicable. Scientific and engineering details of the products have been obtained and re-expressed in broad terms. The author has paid close attention to the underlying physics and chemistry and some of the topics are complemented by calculations.

Based on a conference of national authorities and leading scholars in antitrust and competition law and policy, Competition Policy in the Global Trading System: Perspectives from the EU, Japan and the USA presents twenty insightful essays which together provide an in-depth assessment of current achievements and impasses, as well as a variety of possible ways forward. Among the relevant factors in this progression, the authors discuss such approaches as:
- bilateral and regional international cooperation agreements;
- WTO competition rules, enforceable through the dispute resolution procedure; and
- international development of US, EU, and Japanese antitrust laws.

York has a rich and significant historical heritage; founded by the Romans, captured by the Vikings, and venerated in the Middle Ages. This book allows the curious walker to delve into the archaeology of the city and learn new things from a new aspect, guided by the authoritative and ever-entertaining Clifford Jones. Further, the reader is encouraged to become part of the story of the city - involvement is the key to this multilayered world. Be part of it - Walk York!

The frontier of Hadrian's Wall, once the most heavily fortified border of the Roman Empire, is an ever-popular destination for both walkers and those fascinated by the remarkable remnants of Rome's occupation. In this guide, the reader is invited on an archaeological adventure, not just to the Wall's well-known sites, but to its many forgotten places along the way - sites every bit as important as the iconic forts and milecastles. The author presents a landscape which is not simply a piece of dramatic rural scenery, but a living and vibrant entity, and explores some of the many theories surrounding the Wall and its origins. Clifford Jones is an archaeologist, lecturer and author. He began digging at the age of nine under the mentorship of Sir Mortimer Wheeler. An expert on Roman frontier infrastructure, he has conducted extensive research of Hadrian's Wall, and is the author of Hadrian's Coastal Route: Ravenglass to Bowness-on-Solway (also published by The History Press).

Expanded and updated, this new edition of a bestseller treats this important field in a holistic manner. The structure of the previous book has been retained, but enhanced with new text and illustrations, and more numerical problems with a wider scope. Readers will find much on the background to the industry and details of such centrally important operations as refining, heat exchange, cracking, polymerisation and hydrogenation. There is a chapter on offshore matters, which includes some incidents that occurred since the first edition. National and international standards are considered as these relate to such things as site layout. The coverage of the fire and explosion behaviour of hydrocarbons has been extended, in particular in relation to flash points. The topic of leaked gas detection has been introduced, and there is considerable extension of the coverage of static electricity hazards. There is more on liquefied natural gas (LNG), including details of processes for its regasification. Natural gas condensate features, having grown considerably in importance since the first edition. Re-refining of crude oil products that have previously been used as lubricants or as hydraulic fluids has also experienced growth, and this too has its place in the book from the perspective of safety. Tight gas and coal bed methane feature, as does the controversial matter of hydraulic fracture to obtain them. The chemical processing chapter has been extended to include hydrocracking, hydrodesulphurisation and hydrodenitrogenation. The COMAH (Control of Major Accident Hazards) regulations are covered and sign conventions for hazards are explained with illustrations.